us-hawaii-oahu

O'ahu (Waialua)

United States · O'ahu (Waialua / North Shore and windward O'ahu, Hawaii, USA)  disahkan

admixture

Sebuah asal usul koko kecil di pulau O'ahu, Hawaii, berpusat di Waialua Estate (ditanam oleh Dole di bekas tanah tebu mulai 1998) dan Kamananui Farm milik Mānoa Chocolate di North Shore. Kajian genetik oleh HARC dan USDA-ARS menggambarkan koko O'ahu sebagai populasi hibrid UAF x Trinitario.

EquatorTropic of CancerTropic of CapricornFar North Queensland — AustraliaIxcacao — San Felipe — BelizeStann Creek — BelizeToledo (Maya Mountain) — BelizeToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — BelizeAlto Beni — BoliviaBaures — Itenez wild cacao — BoliviaBaures / Iténez — BoliviaEl Ceibo (Alto Beni) — BoliviaTrópico de Cochabamba — BoliviaWild Bolivian Amazon Cacao (Beni) — BoliviaBahia (Ilhéus) — BrazilBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — BrazilLinhares (Espírito Santo) — BrazilMedicilândia (Transamazônica) — BrazilRondônia — BrazilTomé-Açu (Pará) — BrazilTransamazônica — central Pará — BrazilVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — BrazilBarombi-Kang (IRAD regional trial) — CameroonCameroon (bulk cacao) — CameroonMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — CameroonPHP (Penja) — CameroonSouth-West (Meme) — CameroonAntioquia — ColombiaArauca — ColombiaCaquetá Amazon piedmont — ColombiaCundinamarca — Yacopí / Pacho — ColombiaHuila — ColombiaSantander — ColombiaSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — ColombiaTolima — ColombiaTumaco — ColombiaTalamanca — Costa RicaTalamanca — APPTA — Costa RicaUpala — Costa RicaAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'IvoireCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'IvoireECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'IvoireSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'IvoireSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'IvoireBaracoa — CubaBaracoa — Jamal central processing — CubaEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the CongoNorth Kivu / Beni — Democratic Republic of the CongoTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the CongoBois Cotlette — DominicaCONACADO — Dominican RepublicCOOPROAGRO — Dominican RepublicHato Mayor — Dominican RepublicHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican RepublicÖko Caribe — Dominican RepublicReserva Zorzal — Dominican RepublicSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican RepublicYamasá — Dominican RepublicArriba Nacional — EcuadorCamino Verde (Balao) — EcuadorEl Oro — EcuadorEsmeraldas — EcuadorGuayas — EcuadorHacienda Limón — EcuadorLos Ríos — EcuadorManabí — EcuadorNapo (Kallari) — EcuadorNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — EcuadorSucumbíos — EcuadorVinces — EcuadorZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — EcuadorVanua Levu — FijiABOCFA (Suhum) — GhanaGhana (West African Amelonado) — GhanaJuabeso-Bia — GhanaKuapa Kokoo — GhanaOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — GhanaSefwi-Wiawso — GhanaYayra Glover (Suhum) — GhanaGrenada — GrenadaGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — GrenadaAlta Verapaz — GuatemalaCahabón — GuatemalaIzabal — GuatemalaLachuá — GuatemalaPolochic Valley — GuatemalaSuchitepéquez — GuatemalaGuinea (bulk cacao) — GuineaAcul-du-Nord — HaitiGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — HaitiGrand'Anse — HaitiNord (FECCANO) — HaitiAtlántida (Pico Bonito) — HondurasCholoma — APACH — HondurasCopán — HondurasPatuca — Tawahka — HondurasWampusirpi — HondurasEast Godavari — IndiaIdukki — IndiaKarnataka — IndiaKerala — IndiaTamil Nadu — IndiaWest Godavari — IndiaAceh — IndonesiaBali — IndonesiaFlores — IndonesiaHalmahera — IndonesiaJava — IndonesiaLampung — IndonesiaMamuju — IndonesiaPolewali Mandar — IndonesiaRansiki — IndonesiaSulawesi — IndonesiaJamaica — JamaicaMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — JamaicaRichmond, Saint Mary — JamaicaLiberia (bulk cacao) — LiberiaLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — LiberiaNimba (Karnplay) — LiberiaÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — MadagascarAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — MadagascarFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — MadagascarMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — MadagascarMillot Estate (Bejofo) — MadagascarSambirano Valley — MadagascarT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — MadagascarSabah (Tawau) — MalaysiaSarawak — MalaysiaComalcalco — Chontalpa — MexicoComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — MexicoLos Tuxtlas — MexicoOaxaca (Chinantla) — MexicoSoconusco — MexicoTabasco — MexicoTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — MexicoYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — MexicoMatagalpa — NicaraguaMining Triangle — Bonanza, Siuna, Rosita — NicaraguaNueva Guinea — NicaraguaRío San Juan — NicaraguaWaslala — NicaraguaCRIN (Ajassor seed garden) — NigeriaCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — NigeriaNigeria (bulk cacao) — NigeriaBocas del Toro — PanamaCOCABO — Bocas del Toro — PanamaComarca Ngäbe-Buglé — PanamaBougainville — Papua New GuineaEast Sepik — Papua New GuineaKarkar Island — Papua New GuineaMadang — Papua New GuineaNew Britain — Papua New GuineaNew Ireland — Papua New GuineaAmazonas (Bagua) — PeruChuncho — PeruHuánuco (Tingo María) — PeruMadre de Dios — PeruMarañón Canyon — PeruOxapampa — Yánesha & Asháninka — PeruPiura Blanco — PeruQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — PeruSan Martín — PeruSan Martín — ACOPAGRO — PeruSatipo — PeruUcayali — PeruVizcatán del Ene — VRAEM — PeruBatangas — PhilippinesBohol — PhilippinesCebu — PhilippinesDavao — PhilippinesDavao de Oro — PhilippinesDavao Oriental — PhilippinesNegros Occidental — PhilippinesHacienda Chocolat (Fajardo) — Puerto RicoSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint LuciaSamoa — SamoaCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and PríncipeCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and PríncipePríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and PríncipeRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and PríncipeRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and PríncipeRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and PríncipeNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra LeoneSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra LeoneGuadalcanal — Solomon IslandsMakira — Solomon IslandsMalaita — Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands — Solomon IslandsKandy — Sri LankaKurunegala — Sri LankaMatale — Sri LankaRabot Estate (Soufrière) — St. LuciaKokoa Kamili (Kilombero Valley) — TanzaniaKyela (Mababu) — TanzaniaMababu Cooperative — TanzaniaMbeya (Southern Highlands) — TanzaniaTanga (Usambara historical) — TanzaniaChanthaburi — ThailandChiang Mai — ThailandChumphon — ThailandKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — TogoTogo (bulk cacao) — TogoBrasso Seco — Trinidad and TobagoFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and TobagoHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and TobagoInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and TobagoLopinot — Trinidad and TobagoMarper Farm — Trinidad and TobagoTableland — Trinidad and TobagoTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and TobagoTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and TobagoTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and TobagoBundibugyo / Semuliki — UgandaMukono-Buikwe — UgandaSemuliki Forest (Latitude Trade) — UgandaHawai'i Island — United StatesO'ahu (Waialua) — United StatesAore — VanuatuEpi — VanuatuMalekula — VanuatuCanoabo — VenezuelaCarenero (Barlovento) — VenezuelaCaripito — VenezuelaChoroní — VenezuelaChuao — VenezuelaCuyagua — VenezuelaHacienda San José (Paria) — VenezuelaOcumare de la Costa — VenezuelaPatanemo — VenezuelaPorcelana — VenezuelaRío Caribe — VenezuelaSur del Lago — VenezuelaYaracuy — Güáquira — VenezuelaBà Rịa-Vũng Tàu — VietnamBến Tre — VietnamĐắk Lắk — VietnamĐắk Nông — VietnamĐồng Nai — VietnamLâm Đồng — VietnamTiền Giang — Vietnam
NegaraUnited States
WilayahO'ahu (Waialua / North Shore and windward O'ahu, Hawaii, USA)
Wilayah penanamanAsia & Pasifik
Koordinat21.57°, -158.13° (anggaran)
Ketinggian0-150 m
Pengeluarmultiple
Kelompok genetikadmixture
Kelas tradisionalTrinitario
Juga dikenali sebagaiOahu, Waialua, North Shore
Nota bijiPencirian cap jari mikrosatelit (SSR) oleh R. Schnell (USDA-ARS Miami) untuk HARC mencirikan penanaman Waialua sebagai hibrid Upper Amazon Forastero (UAF) x Trinitario dengan kebolehubahan yang ketara, berasal daripada benih yang diperoleh daripada stesen penyelidikan Waimanalo, Universiti Hawai'i. Dole menanam kira-kira 20,000 anak benih koko di sekitar 17-20 ekar bekas tanah Waialua Sugar Company mulai 1998 dan memperbaharui penanaman pada 2004; koko Waialua Estate kini meliputi kira-kira 80 ekar di paras laut di sepanjang sungai Kaukonahua. Pengusaha lain di North Shore termasuk Kamananui Farm milik Mānoa Chocolate, yang digunakan sebagai hab pembiakan koko Hawaii.
Musim penuaiantuaian tersebar di sepanjang sebahagian besar tahun
PenapaianFermentasi kotak ladang berskala kecil; sesetengah pengusaha memusatkan fermentasi dan pengeringan untuk biji yang dikumpul daripada pekebun kecil berdekatan.
PengeringanDikeringkan di bawah matahari pada katil tinggi atau dalam pengering suria.
Rasaberbuah · karamel · berkacang · lembut
Dikemas kini2026-05-23

Sumber

  • Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, 'Cacao Report No. 1, September 2009' — https://www.harc-hspa.com/uploads/2/6/1/7/26170270/cacao1.pdf
  • Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, 'Cacao' programme page — https://www.harc-hspa.com/cacao.html
  • Waialua Estate, 'About Us' — https://www.waialuaestate.com/about-us/
  • Mānoa Chocolate, 'Our Cacao' — https://manoachocolate.com/pages/our-cacao
  • CTAHR, 'Recommended Cacao Varieties Tested in Hawaiʻi' (FN-59) — https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/FN-59.pdf

Asal berkaitan

Asia & Pasifik au-far-north-queensland Far North Queensland Australia · Far North Queensland (Mossman / Daintree / Mission Beach) admixture berbuah · berkacang · karamel · ringan Amerika bz-ixcacao-san-felipe Ixcacao — San Felipe Belize · San Felipe village, Toledo District (southern Belize) Criolloadmixture madu · karamel · berkacang · rempah Amerika bz-stann-creek Stann Creek Belize · Stann Creek District admixture koko · berkacang · buah lembut · seimbang Amerika bz-toledo-maya-mountain Toledo (Maya Mountain) Belize · Toledo District Criolloadmixture buah cerah · kismis · berkacang · seimbang Amerika bz-tcga-toledo Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) Belize · Toledo and South Stann Creek districts (southern Belize) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture kismis · madu · rempah · buah tropika Amerika bo-alto-beni Alto Beni Bolivia · La Paz Department (Alto Beni) admixture berbuah · berkacang · madu · seimbang
Resit kepercayaan — 3ed4443f76d9c3a0 — disahkan
SHA-256 rekod
3ed4443f76d9c3a0Cincang penuh — 3ed4443f76d9c3a0ca894e0877cc4ee8e7826b98714c2b8c597787cb3b27e198
Bukti OpenTimestamps
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Petikan Internet Archive
(snapshot pending)
Pertama kali diindeks
(not recorded)
Disemak semula kali terakhir
2026-05-23
Status
disahkan
Sumber yang dipetik
5

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