Phylogenetischer Atlas

Zehn Cluster, 239 Herkünfte.

Eine visuelle Karte der zehn genetischen Cluster des Kakaos und der Herkünfte in diesem Archiv, die jedes davon tragen. Topologie nach Motamayor et al. 2008, PLoS ONE 3(10):e3311 (genetic clusters). Der Baum dient der visuellen Orientierung; Clusterzuordnungen folgen dem Statusfeld jeder Herkunft — draft / reviewed / verified.

Mit der Maus über Herkünfte fahren, um das Cluster hervorzuheben; klicken zum Öffnen.
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
Drei biogeografische Gruppierungen werden hervorgehoben: ein Kerngebiet im oberen Amazonas, in dem die meiste Diversität liegt, eine Ausbreitung im unteren Amazonas und über den Atlantik mit Amelonado im Zentrum sowie das mesoamerikanische Relikt, vertreten durch Criollo.

Oberer Amazonas — Kerngebiet der Diversität

Contamana · Curaray · Iquitos · Marañón · Nanay · Purús

Unterer Amazonas / transatlantische Ausbreitung

Amelonado · Guiana · Nacional

Mesoamerikanisches Relikt

Criollo

Die ursprüngliche Phylogenie leitet sich aus 106 Mikrosatellitenmarkern ab, die an rund 1.200 Kakaoproben aus dem oberen Amazonas und Mesoamerika genotypisiert wurden. Der Zehn-Cluster-Rahmen auf dieser Seite folgt jener Arbeit; eine zusätzliche Markeranalyse wird hier nicht durchgeführt. Astlängen sind illustrativ — nur die Topologie ist aussagekräftig.

← Zehn Cluster, nicht drei Schubladen.