Atlas phylogénétique

Dix groupes, 239 origines.

Une carte visuelle des dix groupes génétiques du cacao et des origines de cette archive qui portent chacun d'eux. Topologie d'après Motamayor et al. 2008, PLoS ONE 3(10):e3311 (genetic clusters). Arbre présenté à titre de référence visuelle ; les attributions de groupe suivent le champ « status » de chaque origine — draft / reviewed / verified.

Survolez une origine pour mettre en évidence son groupe ; cliquez pour l'ouvrir.
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
Trois regroupements biogéographiques sont mis en évidence : un cœur d'Amazone supérieure où réside l'essentiel de la diversité, une diffusion en Amazone inférieure et transatlantique centrée sur Amelonado, et le relique mésoaméricain représenté par Criollo.

Amazone supérieure — centre de diversité

Contamana · Curaray · Iquitos · Marañón · Nanay · Purús

Amazone inférieure / diffusion transatlantique

Amelonado · Guiana · Nacional

Relique mésoaméricain

Criollo

La phylogénie originale dérive de 106 marqueurs microsatellites génotypés sur environ 1 200 échantillons de cacao provenant de l'Amazone supérieure et de la Mésoamérique. Le cadre à dix groupes utilisé sur cette page suit ce travail ; aucune analyse de marqueurs supplémentaire n'est effectuée ici. Les longueurs de branches sont illustratives — seule la topologie est informative.

← Dix groupes, et non trois cases.