แผนที่วิวัฒนาการ

Ten clusters, 239 origins.

แผนผังภาพของสิบกลุ่มพันธุกรรมของโกโก้และแหล่งกำเนิดในคลังเอกสารนี้ที่อยู่ในแต่ละกลุ่ม โครงสร้างต้นไม้อ้างอิงตาม Motamayor et al. 2008, PLoS ONE 3(10):e3311 (genetic clusters) ต้นไม้นี้แสดงเพื่อใช้อ้างอิงทางภาพ การจัดกลุ่มเป็นไปตามฟิลด์สถานะของแต่ละแหล่งกำเนิด — ฉบับร่าง / ตรวจทานแล้ว / ยืนยันแล้ว

วางเมาส์เหนือแหล่งกำเนิดเพื่อเน้นกลุ่ม คลิกเพื่อเปิด
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
Chuncho — Peru · verifiedQuillabamba — Alto Urubamba — Peru · draftUcayali — Peru · reviewedInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftContamana — 5Contamana5International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftCuraray — 1Curaray1International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftIquitos — 2Iquitos2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarañón — 2Marañón2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftMarper Farm — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNanay — 2Nanay2International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftPurús — 1Purús1Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftBaures — Itenez wild cacao — Bolivia · draftBahia (Ilhéus) — Brazil · reviewedBahia cabruca — Cocoa Coast — Brazil · draftTomé-Açu (Pará) — Brazil · reviewedVale do Juruá — Acre native cacao — Brazil · draftCameroon (bulk cacao) — Cameroon · reviewedMbangassina (Grand Mbam) — Cameroon · reviewedSouth-West (Meme) — Cameroon · reviewedAbengourou (Indénié-Djuablin) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCAPEDIG (Duékoué) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedCôte d'Ivoire (bulk cacao) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedECAM (Méagui) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSCEB (Agnéby-Tiassa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedSoubré (Nawa) — Côte d'Ivoire · reviewedBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftEsco Kivu (Beni-Watalinga) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · reviewedTshopo (Bengamisa) — Democratic Republic of the Congo · verifiedCONACADO — Dominican Republic · verifiedCOOPROAGRO — Dominican Republic · draftHato Mayor — Dominican Republic · reviewedHispaniola (San Francisco de Macorís) — Dominican Republic · reviewedÖko Caribe — Dominican Republic · reviewedReserva Zorzal — Dominican Republic · draftSan Francisco de Macorís — Dominican Republic · draftYamasá — Dominican Republic · draftABOCFA (Suhum) — Ghana · draftGhana (West African Amelonado) — Ghana · reviewedJuabeso-Bia — Ghana · reviewedKuapa Kokoo — Ghana · reviewedOffinso Fine Flavour Cooperative — Ghana · reviewedSefwi-Wiawso — Ghana · reviewedYayra Glover (Suhum) — Ghana · reviewedGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftGuinea (bulk cacao) — Guinea · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftLiberia (bulk cacao) — Liberia · reviewedLofa (Voinjama / Foya) — Liberia · reviewedNimba (Karnplay) — Liberia · reviewedÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftTabasco — Mexico · reviewedCross River (Ikom-Etung-Boki) — Nigeria · reviewedNigeria (bulk cacao) — Nigeria · reviewedSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftCECAB (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftCECAQ-11 (São Tomé) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftPríncipe (Terreiro Velho) — São Tomé and Príncipe · draftRoça Agostinho Neto (Rio do Ouro) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Bombaim — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedSão Tomé (roça cacao) — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedNgoleagorbu (Kenema-Kailahun, Gola) — Sierra Leone · reviewedSierra Leone (bulk cacao) — Sierra Leone · draftTanga (Usambara historical) — Tanzania · reviewedKpalimé-Akébou (Choco Togo / Vision+) — Togo · reviewedTogo (bulk cacao) — Togo · reviewedBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedAmelonado — 74Amelonado74International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftGuiana — 1Guiana1Arriba Nacional — Ecuador · reviewedCamino Verde (Balao) — Ecuador · draftEl Oro — Ecuador · reviewedEsmeraldas — Ecuador · reviewedGuayas — Ecuador · draftHacienda Limón — Ecuador · draftLos Ríos — Ecuador · reviewedManabí — Ecuador · reviewedNapo (Kallari) — Ecuador · reviewedNorte de Esmeraldas — APROCANE — Ecuador · draftSucumbíos — Ecuador · reviewedVinces — Ecuador · draftZamora-Chinchipe — APEOSAE — Ecuador · draftMarañón Canyon — Peru · reviewedPiura Blanco — Peru · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftNacional — 16Nacional16Ixcacao — San Felipe — Belize · draftToledo (Maya Mountain) — Belize · reviewedToledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) — Belize · draftSierra Nevada de Santa Marta — Colombia · draftBaracoa — Jamal central processing — Cuba · draftBois Cotlette — Dominica · draftGrenada Chocolate Cooperative — Hermitage — Grenada · draftAcul-du-Nord — Haiti · draftGrand-Anse — Dame-Marie — Haiti · draftTamil Nadu — India · draftJava — Indonesia · reviewedMorgan's Valley, Clarendon — Jamaica · draftRichmond, Saint Mary — Jamaica · draftÅkesson's Ambolikapiky — Madagascar · reviewedAly Robert (Antsatsaka) — Madagascar · reviewedFOFIFA Ankatafahely (Ambanja) — Madagascar · reviewedMAVA Plantation (Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedMillot Estate (Bejofo) — Madagascar · reviewedSambirano Valley — Madagascar · reviewedT'MAR (Upper Sambirano) — Madagascar · reviewedComalcalco — Chontalpa — Mexico · draftComalcalco — Hacienda Jesús María (CACEP) — Mexico · draftSoconusco — Mexico · verifiedTabasco — Mexico · reviewedTapachula — Soconusco heirloom cooperatives — Mexico · draftYucatán rejolladas (sacred Maya cacao groves) — Mexico · draftBatangas — Philippines · draftCebu — Philippines · draftNegros Occidental — Philippines · draftSaint Lucia Island Growers — Saint Lucia · draftRoça Diogo Vaz — São Tomé and Príncipe · reviewedKandy — Sri Lanka · draftKurunegala — Sri Lanka · draftChiang Mai — Thailand · draftBrasso Seco — Trinidad and Tobago · draftFour Roads Tamana — Trinidad and Tobago · draftHeights of Aripo — Trinidad and Tobago · draftInternational Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno — Trinidad and Tobago · draftLopinot — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTableland — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTobago (Roxborough) — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedTobago Cocoa Estate — Trinidad and Tobago · draftTrinitario Heartland — Trinidad and Tobago · reviewedCanoabo — Venezuela · draftHacienda San José (Paria) — Venezuela · draftPorcelana — Venezuela · reviewedSur del Lago — Venezuela · reviewedCriollo — 47Criollo47Theobroma cacao L.
มีการเน้นย้ำกลุ่มทางชีวภูมิศาสตร์สามกลุ่ม ได้แก่ ศูนย์กลางความหลากหลายในอเมซอนตอนบน การกระจายตัวในอเมซอนตอนล่างและข้ามมหาสมุทรแอตแลนติกที่มี Amelonado เป็นแกนกลาง และสายพันธุ์โบราณของเมโสอเมริกาที่แทนด้วย Criollo

อเมซอนตอนบน — ศูนย์กลางความหลากหลาย

Contamana · Curaray · Iquitos · Marañón · Nanay · Purús

อเมซอนตอนล่าง / การกระจายข้ามมหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก

Amelonado · Guiana · Nacional

สายพันธุ์โบราณของเมโสอเมริกา

Criollo

การจำแนกสายวิวัฒนาการดั้งเดิมมาจากเครื่องหมายไมโครแซเทลไลต์ 106 ตำแหน่ง ที่ถอดจีโนไทป์จากตัวอย่างโกโก้ประมาณ 1,200 ตัวอย่างจากอเมซอนตอนบนและเมโสอเมริกา กรอบสิบกลุ่มที่ใช้ในหน้านี้อ้างอิงตามงานวิจัยฉบับนั้น โดยไม่ได้ทำการวิเคราะห์เครื่องหมายเพิ่มเติม ความยาวของกิ่งเป็นเพียงภาพประกอบ — ข้อมูลที่มีนัยสำคัญคือโครงสร้างต้นไม้เท่านั้น

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