Trinidad na Tobago

Mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa Trinitario na nyumbani kwa aina za ICS

Trinidad na Tobago ina nafasi kubwa kuliko inavyostahili katika historia ya kakao kama mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa aina ya Trinitario — idadi tofauti ya mseto iliyoibuka wakati mashamba ya Criollo, yaliyoharibiwa na kushindwa kwa zao kwa karne ya kumi na nane, yalipovushwa na Forastero wa Amelonado uliyoletwa. Nyenzo ya Criollo x Forastero iliyotokana ilienea duniani kote na inasalia kuwa kuu kwa kakao ya ladha bora. Ingawa mazao ya kitaifa ni ya wastani leo, urithi wa utafiti wa visiwa ni mkubwa.

Huko Trinidad, kakao hulimwa kwenye mashamba makubwa ya kati na kusini, 'kitovu cha kihistoria cha Trinitario'. Kisiwa ni chanzo cha aina za Imperial College Selection (ICS) zilizoteuliwa na F.J. Pound katika miaka ya 1930, bado zikienezwa sana kimataifa. Tobago ina mapokeo yake ya mashamba makubwa; Roxborough mashariki kilikuwa shamba kubwa maarufu la kakao kabla ya tasnia kushuka baada ya miaka ya 1970, na uzalishaji wa shamba kubwa moja umefufuliwa hapo tangu wakati huo.

Trinidad inaandaa Kituo cha Utafiti wa Kakao cha Chuo Kikuu cha West Indies, ambacho kinasimamia International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad — mojawapo ya benki kubwa zaidi za jeni za shambani za kakao duniani na mkusanyiko muhimu wa kigezo unaotegemeza taksonomia ya kisasa ya makundi ya kijenetiki ya Motamayor na wenzake (2008). Maharagwe ya mashamba makubwa kwa kawaida yamechachushwa vyema, yakiwa na noti za zabibu kavu, matunda mekundu na molasi.

Asili katika Trinidad na Tobago (10)

Amerika tt-brasso-seco Brasso Seco Trinidad and Tobago · Northern Range (Paria district, north Trinidad) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture matunda mekundu · asali · zabibu kavu · karanga Amerika tt-tamana-four-roads Four Roads Tamana Trinidad and Tobago · Tamana, north-central Trinidad CriolloAmelonadoadmixture matunda mekundu · maua · karanga · yenye usawa Amerika tt-aripo Heights of Aripo Trinidad and Tobago · Aripo, Northern Range (north-east Trinidad) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture matunda mekundu · asali · maua · karanga Amerika tt-icgt-centeno International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICGT) — Centeno Trinidad and Tobago · Centeno, Caroni County (central Trinidad) CriolloAmelonadoMarañón Amerika tt-lopinot Lopinot Trinidad and Tobago · Lopinot Valley, Northern Range (north-central Trinidad) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture molasi · zabibu kavu · tumbaku · nati Amerika tt-marper-farm Marper Farm Trinidad and Tobago · East Trinidad (Sangre Grande district) MarañónIquitosNanay Amerika tt-tableland Tableland Trinidad and Tobago · Tableland, south-central Trinidad CriolloAmelonadoadmixture zabibu kavu · molasi · nati · uwiano Amerika tt-tobago-roxborough Tobago (Roxborough) Trinidad and Tobago · Tobago (Roxborough, eastern Tobago) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture tunda jekundu · zabibu kavu · yenye karanga · kakao yenye uwiano Amerika tt-tobago-cocoa-estate Tobago Cocoa Estate Trinidad and Tobago · Roxborough, windward Tobago CriolloAmelonadoadmixture matunda mekundu · zabibu kavu · molasi · maua Amerika tt-trinitario-heartland Trinitario Heartland Trinidad and Tobago · Trinidad (central and southern estates) CriolloAmelonadoadmixture zabibu kavu · tunda jekundu · molasi · yenye karanga

Vyanzo

  • Bekele, F. 2019, 'Trinidad and Tobago, the Birthplace of the world-famous Trinitario cocoa' — https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332353558
  • Motamayor et al. 2008, 'Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L.)', PLoS ONE 3(10):e3311
  • Cocoa Research Centre, UWI St. Augustine, 'The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad' — https://sta.uwi.edu/cru/international-cocoa-genebank