Venezuela

Kitovu cha kihistoria cha kakao ya ladha bora ya Criollo na Trinitario

Venezuela ina nafasi ya kati katika historia ya kakao bora. Iliyolimwa tangu enzi za ukoloni na kuuzwa nje kuanzia karne ya 17 chini ya majina ya bandari kama Carenero na Maracaibo, kakao ya Venezuela ikawa neno la mfano la maharagwe yenye harufu nzuri, yenye asidi ya chini. Ingawa mazao ya kitaifa ni ya wastani kwa viwango vya dunia na yameshuka katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, nchi inasalia kuwa muhimu kupita kiasi kwa biashara ya ladha bora.

Uzalishaji unajikusanya katika kanda tatu pana: beseni la kusini la Ziwa Maracaibo (Sur del Lago) katika Zulia, Mérida, Táchira na Trujillo, nyumbani kwa kihistoria kwa aina za Criollo ikiwa ni pamoja na Porcelana; mabonde ya pwani ya kati ya Aragua na Carabobo, ambapo vijiji kama Chuao, Choroní, Cuyagua, Ocumare de la Costa na Canoabo viko ndani au karibu na Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Henri Pittier; na rasi ya Paria ya Sucre, inayouzwa kama Río Caribe na Carenero.

Venezuela inaunganishwa na nyenzo za jeni za Criollo zinazosalia — hasa Porcelana yenye vipandikizi vya mbegu meupe, vilivyopauka — na ilipa jina lake mfululizo wa aina zinazopandikizwa sana kama Ocumare. Idadi za kisasa za shambani kwa kiasi kikubwa zimechanganyika kuwa Trinitario, zikiakisi karne za uvushaji; mfumo wa Motamayor na wenzake (2008) unaweka nyenzo nyingi za Venezuela katika makundi ya Criollo na yaliyochanganyika. Kakao inasalia kuwa zao la wakulima wadogo na jamii, ikiwa na asili kama Chuao zinazosimamiwa kwa pamoja.

Asili katika Venezuela (13)

Amerika ve-canoabo Canoabo Venezuela · Carabobo (Canoabo, Bejuma municipality) Criolloadmixture maua · yasmini · cheri · kakao laini Amerika ve-carenero-barlovento Carenero (Barlovento) Venezuela · Miranda (Barlovento) admixture kakao imara · yenye karanga · tunda kavu · kiungo laini Amerika ve-caripito-monagas Caripito Venezuela · Monagas (Caripito and Caripe area, north-eastern range) admixture kakao · matunda meusi · matunda makavu · malti Amerika ve-choroni Choroní Venezuela · Aragua (Choroní, Henri Pittier National Park) admixture kakao · tunda kavu · yenye karanga · kiungo laini Amerika ve-chuao Chuao Venezuela · Aragua (Chuao, Henri Pittier National Park) admixture kakao yenye uwiano · tunda kavu · molasi hafifu · ukaranga nyororo Amerika ve-cuyagua Cuyagua Venezuela · Aragua (Cuyagua, Henri Pittier National Park) admixture kakao · tunda kavu · yenye karanga · yenye udongo Amerika ve-paria-san-jose Hacienda San José (Paria) Venezuela · Sucre (Paria peninsula) Criolloadmixture kakao · krimu · yenye karanga · tunda kavu Amerika ve-ocumare-de-la-costa Ocumare de la Costa Venezuela · Aragua (Ocumare de la Costa, Henri Pittier National Park) admixture kakao · tunda kavu · yenye karanga · kiungo hafifu Amerika ve-patanemo Patanemo Venezuela · Carabobo (Puerto Cabello municipality) admixture matunda mapya · kakao iliyosawazishwa · molasi · karanga Amerika ve-porcelana Porcelana Venezuela · Zulia (Sur del Lago de Maracaibo) Criolloadmixture kakao laini · yenye karanga · karameli · maridadi Amerika ve-rio-caribe Río Caribe Venezuela · Sucre (Paria peninsula) admixture kakao · tunda kavu · yenye karanga · molasi Amerika ve-sur-del-lago Sur del Lago Venezuela · Zulia / Mérida / Táchira / Trujillo (southern Lake Maracaibo basin) Criolloadmixture kakao · krimu · yenye karanga · tunda laini Amerika ve-yaracuy-guaquira Yaracuy — Güáquira Venezuela · Yaracuy (Nirgua Shield protected area) admixture kakao · matunda mekundu · molasi · mbao laini

Vyanzo

  • Motamayor et al. 2008, 'Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L.)', PLoS ONE 3(10):e3311
  • The Chocolate Ambassador — 'Venezuelan Fine Flavor Cacao: History, Genetics, and Legacy', https://www.thechocolateambassador.net/post/venezuelan-cacao-a-legacy-of-heritage-and-fine-flavor
  • Silva Cacao — 'Venezuelan 360', https://silva-cacao.com/articles/silva-cacaos-venezuelan-360/